Risk of entry – Unlikely. Probably entered UK on tree ferns from Australasia before trade was regulated. 

Risk of establishment – Very Likely outside and under protection.

Economic impact – Small. Some uncertainty over potential impact on native species, but no records of damage and none reported in native region. 

Endangered area – Specialist importers of ferns and individual specimen plants. Unknown effect on native flora.

Risk management - Exclusion, eradication and containment of this pest seem inappropriate given the small likelihood of impact and the possibility of naturalisation.