<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="1"?>
<pra datepubli="2024-10-01" lastupdate="2024-10-01">
 <uuid>da6f495c-892d-4d13-84e3-4943b59ae0d2</uuid>
 <country>EPPO</country>
 <datepra>2018-09-27</datepra>
 <title>EPPO Pest Risk Analysis for Hakea sericea (including H. decurrens ssp. physocarpa)</title>
 <description><![CDATA[<p>This PRA was originally written for <em>Hakea sericea</em>. However, in it was noted in the PRA that the actual identity of plants in Europe needed clarification. As of 2024 analysis show that all sampled invasive populations of <em>Hakea&nbsp;</em>in Portugal belong to <em>H. decurrens&nbsp;</em>ssp. <em>physocarpa</em>, a species that, although very similar, and sometimes considered synonymous with <em>H. sericea</em>, can be distinguished both morphologically and on the basis of cpDNA. Both <em>H. decurrens&nbsp;</em>ssp. <em>physocarpa</em> and <em>H. sericea</em> occur in France. <em>H. decurrens&nbsp;</em>ssp. <em>physocarpa&nbsp;</em>is dominant and<em>&nbsp;</em>has exactly colonized the largest area of natural habitat, though <em>H. sericea</em> also behaves as an invasive species. The outcome of the PRA is the same for both taxa. In 2024, the Panel on Invasive Alien Plants recommended that <em>H. decurrens&nbsp;</em>ssp. <em>physocarpa</em> is listed as an A2 pest. In 2024, the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations approved the listing.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>The results of the PRA show that <em>Hakea sericea</em> poses a high risk to the endangered area, with a low uncertainty. Impacts in the current introduced range are high, and although the risk of further introduction is considered as low, there is a high perceived risk of spread from established populations in Portugal, Spain and France.</p>]]></description>
 <author id="14">
  <fullname>Rob Tanner</fullname>
  <institute id="1">European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization</institute>
 </author>
 <tags>
  <tag>climate change</tag>
  <tag>invasive alien plant</tag>
 </tags>
 <organisms>
  <organism eppocode="HKADF">Hakea decurrens subsp. physocarpa</organism>
  <organism eppocode="HKASE">Hakea sericea</organism>
 </organisms>
 <praarea>
  <area isocode="9A">EPPO</area>
 </praarea>
 <files>
  <file type="1" size="5464636">
   <title>pra_exp_HKASE_HKADF.pdf</title>
   <url>https://pra.eppo.int/getfile/c4f2bbbe-8339-4c9f-b4cc-1632ae2a1b69</url>
  </file>
 </files>
</pra>
