<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="1"?>
<pra datepubli="2019-07-11" lastupdate="2023-02-16">
 <uuid>e3f93487-91f3-40e7-8087-23e8f0543a21</uuid>
 <country>United Kingdom</country>
 <datepra>2011-09-21</datepra>
 <title>Rapid Assessment of the need for a detailed Pest Risk Analysis for Ceroplastes rusci Takahashi</title>
 <description><![CDATA[<p>Ceroplastes rusci has been detected on many occasions in England and Wales and statutory action has been taken to eradicate incursions of the scale on five occasions. A rapid assessment is required to determine if continued statutory action is justified.</p><p><br></p><p>This rapid assessment shows:&nbsp;</p><p>Risk of entry &ndash; moderately likely The main route of entry is likely to be on growing ornamental plants from countries where the scale has been reported. Detection of early instars is difficult, particularly when present at low density. The scale may only be observed when mature specimens are present or numbers have built up to such a density that they are already causing damage. Risk of establishment &ndash; in protected ornamentals is likely It is very unlikely to naturalise and overwinter outdoors in Britain but could establish on indoor plantings, at least as transient populations (as it has in the past).&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>Rate of spread &ndash; very slow&nbsp;</p><p>Spread is most likely to be with infested plants in trade.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>Economic impact &ndash; may have a small impact to indoor ornamentals&nbsp;</p><p>It is an economic pest of fig and citrus, neither of which are grown as commercial crops in the UK. It may have a small impact on the aesthetic quality and market value of indoor ornamental plants but there is little data available to quantify the economic implications.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>Endangered area &ndash; protected ornamentals&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>Risk management: In the absence of phytosanitary measures the scale is likely to continue to enter the UK. It may be controlled using the same products used for other soft scales already present in the UK&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
 <author id="47">
  <fullname>EPPO Secretariat</fullname>
  <institute id="6">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</institute>
 </author>
 <organisms>
  <organism eppocode="CERPRU">Ceroplastes rusci</organism>
 </organisms>
 <hosts>
  <host eppocode="1ALBG">Albizia</host>
  <host eppocode="1ANUG">Annona</host>
  <host eppocode="ARDUN">Arbutus unedo</host>
  <host eppocode="CHYFR">Argyranthemum frutescens</host>
  <host eppocode="1ARTG">Artemisia</host>
  <host eppocode="EYHAR">Brahea armata</host>
  <host eppocode="BUXBA">Buxus balearica</host>
  <host eppocode="THVPE">Cascabela thevetia</host>
  <host eppocode="CEUDE">Cedrus deodara</host>
  <host eppocode="CMEHU">Chamaerops humilis</host>
  <host eppocode="1CIDG">Citrus</host>
  <host eppocode="1CCNG">Cocos</host>
  <host eppocode="CDIVA">Codiaeum variegatum</host>
  <host eppocode="1CONG">Convolvulus</host>
  <host eppocode="CRHMY">Cordia myxa</host>
  <host eppocode="1CSCG">Crataegus</host>
  <host eppocode="1CYDG">Cydonia</host>
  <host eppocode="1CYPG">Cyperus</host>
  <host eppocode="DYTAL">Dictyosperma album</host>
  <host eppocode="DODVI">Dodonaea viscosa</host>
  <host eppocode="1EULG">Euclea</host>
  <host eppocode="1FIUG">Ficus</host>
  <host eppocode="1GOSG">Gossypium</host>
  <host eppocode="GRERO">Grevillea robusta</host>
  <host eppocode="HEEHE">Hedera helix</host>
  <host eppocode="HEBSS">Heliconia sp.</host>
  <host eppocode="1HFBG">Hyophorbe</host>
  <host eppocode="ILEAQ">Ilex aquifolium</host>
  <host eppocode="IPAWA">Impatiens walleriana</host>
  <host eppocode="1IPOG">Ipomoea</host>
  <host eppocode="IUNAC">Juncus acutus</host>
  <host eppocode="LURNO">Laurus nobilis</host>
  <host eppocode="LAWIN">Lawsonia inermis</host>
  <host eppocode="LIHCH">Litchi chinensis</host>
  <host eppocode="MNGIN">Mangifera indica</host>
  <host eppocode="MSPGE">Mespilus germanica</host>
  <host eppocode="1MORUG">Morus</host>
  <host eppocode="1MUBG">Musa</host>
  <host eppocode="1MYVG">Myrtus</host>
  <host eppocode="NEELA">Nephelium lappaceum</host>
  <host eppocode="NEROL">Nerium oleander</host>
  <host eppocode="1OCNG">Ochna</host>
  <host eppocode="OSYAL">Osyris alba</host>
  <host eppocode="1PAUG">Pavetta</host>
  <host eppocode="PEBAM">Persea americana</host>
  <host eppocode="1PHXG">Phoenix</host>
  <host eppocode="1PIPG">Piper</host>
  <host eppocode="1PIAG">Pistacia</host>
  <host eppocode="1PTUG">Pittosporum</host>
  <host eppocode="PLTOR">Platanus orientalis</host>
  <host eppocode="POPAL">Populus alba</host>
  <host eppocode="PRNDU">Prunus dulcis</host>
  <host eppocode="PSIGU">Psidium guajava</host>
  <host eppocode="1PSXG">Psorospermum</host>
  <host eppocode="PUNGR">Punica granatum</host>
  <host eppocode="PYUCO">Pyrus communis</host>
  <host eppocode="1RHUG">Rhus</host>
  <host eppocode="RUCAC">Ruscus aculeatus</host>
  <host eppocode="SAXBA">Salix babylonica</host>
  <host eppocode="SAKSA">Sapindus saponaria</host>
  <host eppocode="1SCIG">Schinus</host>
  <host eppocode="SMIAS">Smilax aspera</host>
  <host eppocode="1STZG">Strelitzia</host>
  <host eppocode="1TAMG">Tamarindus</host>
  <host eppocode="PHSCA">Vigna caracalla</host>
  <host eppocode="VITVI">Vitis vinifera</host>
 </hosts>
 <praarea>
  <area isocode="GB">United Kingdom</area>
 </praarea>
 <files>
  <file type="1" size="177538">
   <title>ceroplastesRusci.pdf</title>
   <url>https://pra.eppo.int/getfile/f1d24971-8f09-4699-8e73-2cd531f17059</url>
  </file>
 </files>
</pra>
