This rapid PRA shows that: Neopulvinaria innumerabilis is a significant pest and / or virus vector on grapevine in North America, south-east Europe and the Caucasus. Since the mid-2000s it has become a problem on grapevine in the Balkans but has remained a minor pest in France. There are no reported outbreaks of N. innumerabilis in the UK and it has never been intercepted. Based on summer temperatures, it is unlikely to establish in the UK, although suitable woody, deciduous hosts occur: commercial and ornamental grapevine species, other Vitaceae and possibly Acer. If it established, N. innumerabilis would spread very slowly, unless it was moved with host plants. In the UK climate, N. innumerabilis’ impact is likely to be small, both in terms of feeding damage and as a virus vector. It would be possible to eradicate outbreaks indoors, or at an early stage outdoors.