Junaidi J, Gassa A, Patandjengi B, Wijayanti E, Guci SS, Ramli R. Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) of Sitophilus granarius (L).(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with wheat imports into South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika. 2026 Sep 16;26(2):556-71.

The increasing demand for food, combined with advances in transportation and technology, has accelerated international trade and increased the risk of introducing plant pests and diseases from other countries, thereby threatening the sustainability of domestic agriculture. One important preventive measure is the implementation of Pest Risk Analysis (PRA). This study aimed to conduct a PRA by assessing the risk associated with Sitophilus granarius (L)., in wheat imported from Germany into South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A qualitative risk analysis approach was used. The results indicated that the likelihood of entry, establishment, and spread of S. granarius was categorized as moderate, while the potential economic impact was categorized as high. Based on the combined assessment, the overall risk was classified as moderate. The recommended phytosanitary measures for wheat imports into South Sulawesi include compliance with plant quarantine requirements and additional obligations. Plant quarantine requirements include the provision of a Phytosanitary Certificate issued by the country of origin, entry through designated points of entry, and reporting and submission of the consignment to Plant Quarantine Officers for inspection and quarantine procedures. Additional obligations include ensuring that wheat grain originates from registered producers, is free from S. granarius and foreign materials, undergoes the required fumigation treatment before shipment, and passes inspection by the Indonesian Quarantine Authority at the point of entry. Appropriate phytosanitary measures, including treatment, rejection, or destruction of the consignment, may be implemented if the prescribed import requirements are not fulfilled