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Importation of Chrysanthemum (=Dendranthema) spp., Leucanthemella serotina, and Nipponanthemum nipponicum propagative material from Belgium, Bolivia (...) and Vietnam into the continental United States - A Qualitative, Pathway Initiated Pest List

USDA 138

Description

Importation of Chrysanthemum (=Dendranthema) spp., Leucanthemella serotina, and Nipponanthemum nipponicum propagative material from Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Germany, Guatemala, Kenya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Spain, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam into the continental United States


The purpose of this report is to assess the pest risks associated with importing commercially produced cuttings (stems, leaves) and in vitro plantlets of Chrysanthemum (=Dendranthema) spp., Leucanthemella serotina, and Nipponanthemum nipponicum and synonymous taxa for propagation from twenty countries (Belgium [BE], Bolivia [BO], Brazil [BR], Colombia [CO], Costa Rica [CR], El Salvador [SV], Ethiopia [ET], Germany [DE], Guatemala [GT], Kenya [KE], Mexico [MX], Nicaragua [NI], the Netherlands [NL], Panama [PA], Spain [ES], Tanzania [TZ], Tunisia [TN], Uganda [UG], the United Kingdom [GB], and Vietnam [VT]) and cuttings, in vitro tissue culture plantlets, in vitro tissue culture plants with roots, and bare-root plants of the same taxa from Canada (CA) into the continental United States (including Alaska) for planting.

Based on the internal request submitted by Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), we considered the pathway to include the following processes and conditions: no soil, seed, or flowers will be present, and in vitro plantlets will have been produced in aseptic conditions with minimal monitoring for pathogens. The pest risk ratings depend on the application of all conditions of the pathway as described in this document; cuttings, in vitro tissue culture plantlets, in vitro tissue culture plants with roots, and bare-root plants produced under different conditions were not evaluated and may pose a different pest risk.

We used scientific literature and port-of-entry pest interception data to develop a list of pests with quarantine significance for the continental United States. These are pests that occur in the exporting countries on any host and are associated with the commodity plant species anywhere in the world. Of these, we found 35 organisms that have a reasonable likelihood of being associated with Chrysanthemum cuttings composed of stems with leaves, or with in vitro Chrysanthemum plantlets for propagation, or with rooted plants from Canada presuming no production practices at the point of origin. This information is summarized in the table below and is presented in detail with sources of evidence in the remainder of the document.

Organisms

  • Atrococcus sp.
  • Begomovirus solanumdelhiense
  • Ceroplastes rubens
  • Chamaepsila nigricornis
  • Chromatomyia horticola
  • Chrysanthemum
  • Chrysodeixis chalcites
  • Chrysodeixis eriosoma
  • Cnephasia asseclana
  • Cnephasia incertana
  • Epichoristodes acerbella
  • Epitrimerus alinae
  • Gortyna flavago
  • Gueriniella serratulae
  • Homona coffearia
  • Korscheltellus lupulina
  • Lacanobia oleracea
  • Leucanthemella serotina
  • Liriomyza huidobrensis
  • Maconellicoccus hirsutus
  • Macrosiphoniella oblonga
  • Mamestra brassicae
  • Naenia typica
  • Nipponanthemum nipponicum
  • Orthotospovirus chrysanthinecrocaulis
  • Phlogophora meticulosa
  • Phytophthora chrysanthemi
  • Puccinia horiana
  • Sphaerulina socia
  • Spodoptera littoralis
  • Spodoptera litura
  • Thrips angusticeps
  • Thrips palmi
  • Tombusvirus dianthi
  • Trypeta zoe
  • Uroleucon tanaceti

Hosts

  • Chrysanthemum
  • Leucanthemella serotina
  • Nipponanthemum nipponicum

Files

Type File Size
Pest Risk Analysis Download 1,05MB

PRA Area

  • United States of America