The fungus Moniliophthora roreri is endemic in Central and South America and so far, it does not occur in Germany and the EU. So far, it is neither listed in the Annexes of Directive 2000/29/EC nor by EPPO. M. roreri is considered as one of the most devastating pests on cacao (Theobroma sp., Theobroma cacao). The genus Herrania is closely related to cacao and is known as the only further host plant. Due to inappropriate climatic conditions, it is assumed that the fungus is not able to establish outdoors in Germany. The establishment in South European Member States seems unlikely, too. The host plant is not commercially cultivated in Germany and Europe. Single cacao trees are maintained in protected cultivation in botanical gardens and by private persons. Due to the absence of the host plant and the inappropriate climatic conditions for the fungus, M. roreri poses no phytosanitary risk for Germany and other EU-Member States. Thus, M. roreri is not classified as a quarantine pest and § 4a of the Plant Inspection Order does not apply.