This rapid PRA shows: Eccopisa effractella is a little-studied pyralid moth, found in most parts of continental Europe: from the Balkans to the Baltic, through the Low Countries to the Iberian Peninsula. However, it is not recorded from most of Scandinavia. While it feeds on apple, plum, quince and some other deciduous trees, only one report of any damage could be found, from Bulgaria, and even this report did not consider the species to be a significant pest. Risk of entry Four pathways were considered relevant, of which plants for planting was rated moderately likely. Although there is no evidence of the species moving in trade, inspectors may not be targeting the relevant plants for inspection, as they are moving within the EU and thus the trade is unregulated. However, larvae may be associated with shoots or found under bark (though sources disagree), and pupae with leaf litter, so there is a possibility this species could be moved in the trade in trees. As E. effractella is present in the Netherlands, though it is apparently not common, the ratings for this pathway would need revision if it was to increase in numbers, due to the large volume of trade between Dutch nurseries and the UK. Movement of larvae in fruit and pupae with soil were both considered very unlikely, given the low chance of the relevant life stages being associated with each commodity, and the lack of previous interceptions. Natural spread was considered unlikely. Although this species is a migrant that is present in continental Europe, and has been recorded at least once in the UK as a migrant, this is an uncommon event. Risk of establishment It is considered very likely to be able to establish outdoors, given the similarity of the UK climate to parts of the Netherlands and Belgium where E. effractella has been found. It is considered very unlikely to establish in protected cultivation, due to a lack of suitable hosts grown under cover in the UK, and because this is not a recorded glasshouse pest. Economic, environmental and social impact In its native range, there are almost no data on any impacts and it does not seem to be a significant pest in any country, though there is a possibility the damage could be confused with other tortricid moth pests in orchards. Eccopisa effractella is considered unlikely to be capable of more than one generation per year in the UK, and thus is less likely to be able to build up to damaging levels. There is also the possibility this species will be controlled with routine insecticide treatments against existing orchard pests. When this is combined with the almost complete lack of reports of damage on the continent, the potential impacts in the UK are all considered to be very small. Endangered area Southern or sheltered parts of the UK may be more suitable for establishment than more northern areas due to the warmer temperatures.