Draft for stakeholder's comment before 2025-07-05] 

The purpose of this report is to assess the pest risks associated with importing commercially produced unrooted, dormant cuttings of apple, Malus spp. (Rosaceae), from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom into the United States for planting.

Based on the internal request submitted by Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), we considered the pathway to include the following processes and conditions: commercially
produced dormant, unrooted cuttings of Malus spp. (with buds) stored and shipped in moisture-retaining containers such as plastic bags, which may or may not contain moistened paper towels (or any other APHIS-approved packing material). The pest risk ratings depend on the application of all conditions of the pathway as described in this document; Malus spp. cuttings produced
under different conditions were not evaluated and may pose a different pest risk.

We used scientific literature, port-of-entry pest interception data, and information from the government of Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom to develop a list of pests with quarantine significance for the United States. These arepests that occur in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom on any host and are associated with the commodity plant species anywhere in the world.

The following organisms are candidates for pest risk management because they have met the threshold for unacceptable consequences of introduction and can follow the commodity import pathway:

- Agrilus sinuatus

- Anoplophora chinensis

Anthonomus pyri

Resseliella oculiperda

Dysaphis devecta

Dysaphis pyri

Pterochloroides persicae

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

Alnetoidia alneti

Cicadella viridis

Edwardsiana crataegi

Typhlocyba quercus

Ceroplastes japonicus

Ceroplastes rubens

Ceroplastes rusci

Eulecanium ciliatum

Eulecanium tiliae

Palaeolecanium bituberculatum

Sphaerolecanium prunastri

Takahashia japonica

Diaspidiotus marani

Diaspidiotus pyri

Melanaspis inopinata

Suturaspis archangelskyae

Apolygus spinolae

Blepharidopterus angulatus 

Lygocoris rugicollis

Orthotylus marginalis

Icerya seychellarum

Pulvinaria regalis

Cacopsylla mali

Cacopsylla melanoneura

Cacopsylla pyri

Stephanitis pyri

Janus compressus

Blastodacna atra

Coleophora hemerobiella

Cossus cossus

Euproctis similis

Lymantria monacha

Erannis defoliaria

Pasiphila rectangulata

Gastropacha quercifolia

Malacosoma neustria

Leucoptera malifoliella

Acronicta psi

Acronicta tridens (....)

Exapate congelatella