Based on this PRA, Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus was added to the EPPO A1 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests in 2025. Measures for plants for planting (except seeds, pollen, tissue culture) of Ampelopsis glandulosa and Vitis are recommended.

Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus is a pest native to East Asia with confirmed hosts in the family Vitaceae. Because several species and hybrids of Vitis are confirmed hosts, including species not native in East Asia, the expert working group (EWG) considered that all Vitis spp. are potential hosts. In addition, Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata (Vitaceae) is a confirmed host.

Plants for planting of Vitis spp. (for countries that do not prohibit the import of Vitis) and Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata, including propagation material and ornamentals, was identified as the most likely pathway, and overall, the likelihood of entry was rated as low with a moderate uncertainty. The trade of host plants for planting from countries where the pest occurs is expected to be low and this was taken into account in the rating. 

Hosts of X. pyrrhoderus are widespread in the EPPO region, including V. vinifera and other Vitis spp. They are present in commercial cultivation, gardens, as ornamentals cultivated as climbing plants on buildings and in nature. Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus is present under a wide range of temperatures in its native range, and it has a facultative larval diapause and is consequently expected to have some adaptability to environmental conditions. The likelihood of establishment outdoors was rated as very high with a moderate uncertainty. The pest may establish across a significant portion of the EPPO region where temperatures are suitable, and this area also covers the areas of grapevine cultivation. There is uncertainty regarding the northern limit and for the driest areas in the EPPO region. With climate change, the potential area of establishment was assessed to extend northwards. The likelihood of establishment in protected conditions for table grape production was also rated as very high with a moderate uncertainty.

The magnitude of spread was rated as moderate with a high uncertainty. There is no information on the dispersal capacity of the pest, and human-assisted pathways may play a role in the spread. Based on knowledge available for the related species X. chinensis, the potential spread of X. pyrrhoderus by the combination of natural spread and human-assisted pathways is estimated to be up to 10 km per year.

The magnitude of impact in the current area of distribution was rated as moderate with moderate uncertainty, also taking into account management costs. Although information is limited (including the absence of recent scientific publications), there are recent reports from the Republic of Korea and Japan indicating that pest management measures are recommended and applied against this insect. In Japan and Republic of Korea, table grapes are a valuable product, and this is possibly why the pest is subject to management.

Potential impact was expected to be higher in the EPPO region than in the current area of distribution but was still rated as moderate, with a high uncertainty. After its initial introduction, impact may be high because control methods may not be immediately available. However, the commercial viticulture sector is expected to react fast to a new threat and pest management strategies would be adjusted. Damage is likely to be more important on newly planted and young vineyards, rather than on vineyards in full production. However, control methods would need to be implemented on all vineyards to prevent damage and the build-up of populations. Even after control methods become available against X. pyrrhoderus, the pest would have a permanent added cost to production. The presence of galleries may allow attacks by wood pathogens and cause decline. Pruning methods should be adapted to take account of the pest and pruning waste should be systematically destroyed in a manner that prevents the survival of the pest. There would be additional costs of monitoring, treatment and training of labour.