Pepper vein yellows viruses (PeVYV) are an emerging threat to pepper production worldwide. Where outbreaks have occurred in the current distribution, significant reduction in the value of the crop has been observed. PeVYVs are spread by two very common vectors in the UK, the aphids Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae. As the host range includes Solanum nigrum, there is the potential for the viruses to establish in the UK outside of protected cultivation where most Capsicum spp. are grown. This PRA shows that PeVYVs are a significant threat to pepper production in the UK.