[Draft for stakeholder's comment before 2025-01-03]

The purpose of this report is to assess the pest risks associated with importing commercially produced fruit of lemon, grapefruit, mandarin, and sweet orange (Citrus limon, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, and C. sinensis) (Rutaceae) from Botswana into the United States for consumption.

Based on the market access request submitted by Botswana, we considered the pathway to include the following processes and conditions: culling of visibly and conspicuously damaged fruit. The pest risk ratings depend on the application of all conditions of the pathway as described in this document; fruit produced under different conditions were not evaluated and may pose a different pest risk.

We used scientific literature, port-of-entry pest interception data, and information from the government of Botswana to develop a list of pests with quarantine significance for the United States. These are pests that occur in Botswana on any host and are associated with the commodity plant species anywhere in the world.

The following organisms are candidates for pest risk management because they have met the threshold for unacceptable consequences of introduction and can follow the commodity import pathway.

- Ceratitis cosyra

- Ceratitis rosa

- Dacus ciliatus

- Thaumatotibia leucotreta

- Bactrocera dorsalis

- Ceratitis capitata

- Phyllosticta citricarpa